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Class : Coarse wares
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Source : Britain
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Distribution in Britain
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- Click on the image
(or here)
for larger map.
- This is a hectad map. More details of the data and mapping are available
here.
- Compare the distribution of this ware with others
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| Distribution summary |
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Illustration
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Roman Pottery in Britain (Tyers 1996)
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This ware is discussed on p.188-189 of Roman Pottery in Britain (1996).
Fabric code : CRAM
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National Roman Fabric Reference Collection (Tomber & Dore 1998)
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Cross-reference from this group to fabric descriptions published in
The National Roman Fabric Reference Collection (1998):
- CRA PA
- Crambeck Parchment ware p.196
- CRA RE
- Crambeck Reduced ware p.197
- CRA WH
- Crambeck White ware p.198
Illustrations of these fabrics are available only in the printed catalogue: R. Tomber & J. Dore,
The national Roman fabric reference collection. A handbook
Museum of London Archaeology Service, London. MOLAS monograph 2. (1998). |
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The Pottery kilns of Roman Britain (Swan 1984)
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This fabric was produced at kiln sites at these locations:
- Welburn / Yorks-Nriding
- Whitwell On the Hill / Yorks-Nriding
Display more details of these sites.Data summarized from V. G. Swan The pottery kilns of Roman Britain (HMSO, London, 1984, Royal Commission on Historical Monuments: Supplementary Series 5). |
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| Summary |
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Grey wares, white wares and red-slipped produced near Crambeck
(Yorkshire/GB) and distributed across northern Britain during the 4th
century AD. |
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Fabric and technology
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Three distinctive fabrics:
Grey ware: a hard fine-textured fabric; very pale grey
core (sometimes almost white) with medium grey surfaces; abundant
inclusions of fine quartz sand. Frequent smooth wheel-burnishing
on surfaces. Wheel-thrown.
'Parchment' ware: a variable group of hard, brittle, white,
buff (through to yellow or orange) fabrics with a laminar fracture;
abundant fine sand tempering. Frequent orange or brown painted
decoration. Iron slag grits on the mortaria.
Red ware: soft fabric with orange core and burnished orange-red
surfaces; variable quantities of sand and soft red-brown inclusions.
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Forms
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The principal forms are classified by Corder (1937):
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Type
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Description
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Fabric
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1
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flanged bowl
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G
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2
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shallow sided dish
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G
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3
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jar with 2 countersunk handles
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G
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4
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deep wide-mouthed bowl
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G
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5
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hemispherical flanged bowl
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GPR
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6
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hammerhead mortarium
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P
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7
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wall-sided mortarium
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P
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8
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wall-sided mortarium
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- with double flanged rim
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P
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9
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small bowl with upright rim
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P
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10
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large dish
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P
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11
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small jar/beaker
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G
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12
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beaker
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G
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13
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small bowl.G
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14
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bottle or flagon
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G
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15
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jug with pinched spout
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G
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16
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calcite-gritted cooking pot
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Table 1. Classification of Crambeck ware
forms (after Corder)
Fabric codes: G=grey, P=parchment, R=red.
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Chronology
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Production commences by early 4th cent. and continues until end
of Roman period. Major expansion from mid-4th cent.
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Source
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Crambeck (Yorks), which is on the south side of the Howardian
Hills, overlooking the Vale of York.
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Distribution
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The grey ware is the most abundant Crambeck fabric, but both 'parchment'
and red ware are found in smaller quantities. Distributed across
north-east England during the early to mid-4th cent., but principal
market is Malton-York region. Increasing penetration of markets
in north-west from c. AD 360-70. Small quantities as far as Caernarfon
(N. Wales), but distribution to south of Crambeck always restricted.
Evans (in Wilson 1989) discusses Crambeck distribution pattern
and rehearses arguments for military contracts and social constraints.
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Aliases
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Carlisle fabrics 101 and 105. JRPS bibliography
fabric cra.
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Bibliography
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(Wilson 1989) collects together original reports on the kilns.
RCHM gazetteer F693-8
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References
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Corder 1937.
Corder, P., 'A pair of fourth century Romano-British pottery kilns
near Crambeck', AntJ, 17, (1937), pp. 392-413.
Wilson 1989.
Wilson, P. R., (ed), Crambeck Roman Pottery Industry, The
Roman Antiquities Section, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Leeds,
(1989).
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