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Class : Coarse wares
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Source : Britain
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Distribution in Britain
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for larger map.
- This is a hectad map. More details of the data and mapping are available
here.
- Compare the distribution of this ware with others
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| Distribution summary |
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Illustration
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Roman Pottery in Britain (Tyers 1996)
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This ware is discussed on p.190 of Roman Pottery in Britain (1996).
Fabric code : DALES
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National Roman Fabric Reference Collection (Tomber & Dore 1998)
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Cross-reference from this group to fabric descriptions published in
The National Roman Fabric Reference Collection (1998):
- DAL SH
- Dales Shelly ware p.157
Illustrations of these fabrics are available only in the printed catalogue: R. Tomber & J. Dore,
The national Roman fabric reference collection. A handbook
Museum of London Archaeology Service, London. MOLAS monograph 2. (1998). |
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The Pottery kilns of Roman Britain (Swan 1984)
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This fabric was produced at kiln sites at these locations:
- Elsham / Lincs
- Fenton / Lincs
- Knaith / Lincs
- Lincoln / Lincs
- Scunthorpe / Lincs
- Wildsworth / Lincs
- Holme Upon Spalding Moor / Yorks-Eriding
Display more details of these sites.Data summarized from V. G. Swan The pottery kilns of Roman Britain (HMSO, London, 1984, Royal Commission on Historical Monuments: Supplementary Series 5). |
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| Summary |
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Jars in coarse shell-tempered wares produced in the Lincolnshire and
widely distributed across northern Britain during the 3rd and 4th
centuries AD. |
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Fabric and technology
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The distinctive Dales ware jar form is found in two fabrics --
the 'classic' shell-tempered ware and a range of grey sandy wares:
Dales ware: coarse grey, black or brown fabric; tempered
with abundant (fossil) shell (sometimes leached out leaving a
pitted surface). Irregular finger indentations around the lower
body, but generally smoothed towards shoulder and over rim and
lip. Hand-formed. In addition to the classic jar form, some
larger diameter 'storage jars', dishes, flanged-bowls and lids
have been recorded in this ware (Rigby in Stead 1976, 189).
Dales-type ware: several grey sandy fabrics. Wheel-thrown.
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Forms
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Jars with very characteristic rim form, which springs from the
shoulder towards a thickened upper lip with inward-sloping top
and small sharp internal ridge Gillam 157.
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Chronology
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The classic form probably emerged by the later 2nd cent.; the
period of major export to the north, as form Gillam 157,
is c. AD 250-340. The form has blended with other moulded-rim
jar forms by later 4th cent.
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Source
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Firman (1991) suggests that the source of Dales ware lies in the
seleniferous clays of Lincolnshire and South Humberside. Dales-type
grey ware jars were produced at several sites in Lincolnshire,
Humberside and Yorkshire, alongside a wide range of other coarse
ware types.
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Distribution
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Abundant in Lincolnshire, Humberside and south Yorkshire (up to
40% of all jars at Doncaster: Loughlin 1977, 129, n. 35); otherwise
a thin but wide spread across northern England as far as the Wall.
A scatter down the east coast, ending at Richborough (Bushe-Fox
1928, no. 147; Pollard 1988, 24).
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Aliases
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Caister-on-sea fabric SHDW-151. JRPS bibliography
fabric dal. Leicester fabric CG1C. Kent coarse fabric
7.
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Bibliography
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Original study in Gillam 1951; major reassessment (definition
of Dales-type) and distributional studies by Loughlin 1977; on
dating in the northBidwell 1985, 177; for petrology of Dales ware:
Firman 1991. For kilns producing Dales-type jars see RCHM gazetteer
F443-5, F451-2, F465, F678-80
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References
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Bidwell 1985.
Bidwell, P. T., The Roman Fort of Vindolanda at Chesterholm,
Northumberland, Archaeological Report, 1, Historic
Buildings and Monuments Commission for England, London, (1985).
Bushe-Fox 1928.
Bushe-Fox, J. P., Second Report on the Excavation of the Roman
Fort at Richborough, Kent, Reports of the Research Committee
of the Society of Antiquaries of London, 7, Oxford, (1928).
Firman 1991.
Firman, R. J., 'The significance of anhydrite in pottery as exemplified
by Romano-British Dales ware', JRPS, 4, (1991),
pp. 45-50.
Gillam 1951.
Gillam, J. P., 'Dales wares: a distinctive Romano-British cooking
pot', AntJ, 31, (1951), pp. 154-64.
Loughlin 1977.
Loughlin, N., 'Dales ware: a contribution to the study of Roman
coarse pottery' in Pottery and early commerce. Characterization
and trade in Roman and later ceramics, ed. D. P. S. Peacock,
Academic Press, London, (1977), pp. 85-146.
Pollard 1988.
Pollard, R. J., The Roman pottery of Kent, Monograph series
of the Kent Archaeological Society, 5, Kent Archaeological
Society, Maidstone, (1988).
Stead 1976.
Stead, I. M., Excavations at Winterton Roman Villa and other
sites in North Lincolnshire 1958-1967, Department of the Environment
Archaeological Reports, 9, HMSO, London, (1976).
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