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Class : Fine wares
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Source : Germany
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Distribution in Britain
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| Distribution summary |
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Illustration
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Source of ware
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Roman Pottery in Britain (Tyers 1996)
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This ware is discussed on p.146-148 of Roman Pottery in Britain (1996).
Fabric code : KOLN
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National Roman Fabric Reference Collection (Tomber & Dore 1998)
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Cross-reference from this group to fabric descriptions published in
The National Roman Fabric Reference Collection (1998):
- KOL CC
- Cologne Colour-coated ware p.57
Illustrations of these fabrics are available only in the printed catalogue: R. Tomber & J. Dore,
The national Roman fabric reference collection. A handbook
Museum of London Archaeology Service, London. MOLAS monograph 2. (1998). |
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| Summary |
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Beakers with barbotine, rough-cast and rouletted decoration in fine
white wares with dark colour-coated surfaces, produced in the Cologne
area (Nordrhein-Westfalen/DE) and distributed across north-east Gaul
and Britain during the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. |
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Fabric and technology
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A hard, smooth-textured (but occasionally slightly laminar) fabric,
containing sparse fine inclusions of colourless quartz, black
and red iron and rare fine white mica; almost pure white (2.5YR
9/0) in colour, with a dark brown or black matt colour-coat (2.5YR
2.5/0) merging (where the slip is thinner) to a lighter orange-brown.
The slip contains minute flakes of red and black iron oxide particles.
Wheel thrown. Principal decorative motifs are roughcasting (with
clay particles), barbotine (including hunt-cups) and rouletting.
The barbotine is made of the same clay as the body.
This ware equates with Anderson's (1980) Lower Rhineland fabric
1 and is known colloquially as 'Cologne ware' in Britain.
The principal differences between this and Central Gaulish colour-coated
white ware (CGCC) are its matt slip, slightly softer, more silty
texture and lack of mica.
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Forms
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Principally beakers:
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Type
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Form
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1-2
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1
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High shouldered
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12
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2
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Bag-shaped
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3-6
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3
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Globular (high curved neck)
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7-11
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4
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Globular (everted rim)
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-
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5
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Multiple grooved neck
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Table 1. Classification of Lower Rhineland
colour-coated ware forms (after Anderson)
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Chronology
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Production commences in the Claudian period. Cups and beakers
with barbotine and roughcast decoration (some in a white fabric
similar to that described above) are found along the Rhine (and
rarely in Britain) during the Claudio-Neronian period (Greene
1979, 56-64). From the Flavian period production concentrated
on beakers and this tradition continued to the mid-3rd cent. AD.
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Source
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Cologne is a major source, where kilns are known (Binsfeld 1964).
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Distribution
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Principally the Rhineland and Britain (Anderson 1981, 338, fig.19.4).
There is some risk of confusion between the products of Cologne
and those of the Nene Valley and Colchester in the hand-specimen,
although they may be discriminated with chemical analysis. The
distribution is likely to be incomplete due to uncertain identification.
Lower Rhineland potters were responsible for the development of
the colour-coated industries in the Lower Nene Valley and Colchester
from the early 2nd cent. AD.
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Aliases
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Carlisle fabric 318. Chelmsford fabric 6. Gestingthorpe
fabric B6. JRPS bibliography fabric kww. Lullingstone
fabric 2. Milton Keynes fabric 23b. Kent fine fabric
5b. Towcester fabric 14c.
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Bibliography
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Anderson 1980; Anderson 1981. Chemical analysis: Anderson et al.
1982.
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References
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Anderson 1980.
Anderson, A. C., A guide to Roman fine wares, Vorda Research
Series, 1, Vorda, Highworth, (1980).
Anderson 1981.
Anderson, A. C., 'Some continental beakers of the first and second
centuries A.D.' in Roman Pottery research in Britain and North-West
Europe. Papers presented to Graham Webster, ed. A. C. Anderson
and A. S. Anderson, British archaeological reports. International
series, 123, BAR, Oxford, (1981), pp. 321-48.
Anderson et al. 1982.
Anderson, A. C., Fulford, M. G., Hatcher, H. and Pollard, A. M.,
'Chemical Analysis of Hunt Cups and Allied Wares from Britain',
Britannia, 13, (1982), pp. 229-38.
Binsfeld 1964.
Binsfeld, W., 'Zu den römischen Töpfereinen am Rudolfplatz in
Köln', KölnJbVFrühGesch, 7, (1964), pp. 19-32.
Greene 1979.
Greene, K. T., The pre-Flavian fine wares, Report on the
excavations at Usk, 1965-1976, 1, University of Wales Press
[for] the Board of Celtic Studies of the University of Wales,,
Cardiff:, (1979).
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