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Class : Coarse wares
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Source : Italy
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Distribution in Britain
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| Distribution summary |
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Illustration
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Source of ware
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Roman Pottery in Britain (Tyers 1996)
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This ware is discussed on p.157-158 of Roman Pottery in Britain (1996).
Fabric code : PRW1
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National Roman Fabric Reference Collection (Tomber & Dore 1998)
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Cross-reference from this group to fabric descriptions published in
The National Roman Fabric Reference Collection (1998):
- CAM PR 1
- Campanian Pompeian Red ware 1 p.43
Illustrations of these fabrics are available only in the printed catalogue: R. Tomber & J. Dore,
The national Roman fabric reference collection. A handbook
Museum of London Archaeology Service, London. MOLAS monograph 2. (1998). |
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| Summary |
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Platters (and accompanying lids) in a coarse red-brown fabric tempered
with black sand, with a red-slip on the inner surface, produced in
Campania (IT) and widely distributed around the Mediterranean and
across the north-west provinces during the 1st century AD. |
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Fabric samples Scale (when present) in cm.
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Fabric and technology
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Hard reddish-brown fabric (2.5YR 4/6) with inclusions of abundant
medium 'black sand' (green augite), occasional white particles
and flakes of biotite mica. Distinctive dark red slip (10YR 4/6-4/8)
thickly covers rim and interior of plates. Outer surfaces can
be unevenly and coarsely finished. Wheel-thrown.
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Forms
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Plates with plain rim and flat base. Inside may be decorated
with groups of fine concentric rings. The lids are unslipped,
but may have single concentric groove or light bead (almost a
'footring') on upper surface.
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Stamps
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There are stamps or pre-firing cursive signatures on underside
of some plates (Wynia 1979; Grünewald et al. 1980). The name Marius
appears frequently on both stamps and signatures, in some cases
with another name. These are perhaps products of organized workshops
and master-slave pairings as attested in the sigillata industry.
For total distribution of the stamps and signatures see Wynia1979,
429, Abb.3 -- the majority seem to be on vessels in Peacock's
fabric 1. In Britain, signatures are recorded from Colchester
(Hawkes and Hull 1947, 221) and London.
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Chronology
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Present at Haltern, Oberaden and Neuss in Augustan levels, and
common on sites of same date in Rhône valley (e.g. Lyon, Valence
and Orange). Production in Italy may extend back back into the
2nd cent. BC (Peña 1990, 655). In Britain PRW1 was imported from
c. AD 40-80, when production may have ceased.
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Source
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Peacock suggests that PRW1 -- and other 'black sand' fabrics --
originates in area of Bay of Naples (1977, 153; but see Peña 1990,
655, fn. 22 for a contrary view).
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Distribution
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Very extensive (but patchy) distribution, encompassing Britain,
Rhineland, southern Gaul, Italy, Austria, and eastern provinces
(Peacock 1977, 152, fig.2).
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Aliases
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Cirencester fabric 153. Colchester fabric CSOA.
Gloucester fabric TF16A. Silchester fabric E21.
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Bibliography
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Peacock 1977, 149-53; Blakely et al. 1989; Peña 1990, fabric 2.
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References
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Blakely et al. 1989.
Blakely, J. A., Brinkmann, R. and Vitaliano, C. J., 'Pompeian
red ware: processing archaeological ceramic data', Geoarchaeology,
4, (1989), pp. 201-28.
Grünewald et al. 1980.
Grünewald, M., Pernicka, E. and Wynia, S. L., 'Pompejanisch-rote
Platten - Patinae', ArchKorr, 10, (1980), pp. 259-60.
Hawkes and Hull 1947.
Hawkes, C. F. C. and Hull, M. R., Camulodunum. First report
on the excavations at Colchester, 1930-39, Reports of the
Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London, 14,
Society of Antiquaries, Oxford, (1947).
Peacock 1977.
Peacock, D. P. S., 'Pompeian red ware' in Pottery and early
commerce. Characterization and trade in Roman and later ceramics,
ed. D. P. S. Peacock, Academic Press, London, (1977), pp. 147-62.
Peña 1990.
Peña, J. T., 'Internal red-slip cookware (Pompeian Red Ware) from
Cetamura del Chianti, Italy: Mineralogical composition and provenience',
American Journal of Archaeology, 94, (1990), pp.
647-61.
Wynia 1979.
Wynia, S. L., 'Töpfersignaturen auf Pompejanisch-roten Platten:
quantité négligeable?', BerOudhBod, 29, (1979),
pp. 425-32.
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